World Cup Knockout Stage Rules for Extra Time and Penalty Shootouts

What Happens When a World Cup Knockout Match is Tied?

The 2026 World Cup has moved into its knockout phase, where every match must produce a winner on the day. Unlike the group stage, where teams earn a point each if tied after 90 minutes, knockout matches demand a clear victor to advance.

Extra Time Explained

If a game is level at the end of regular time, an additional 30 minutes of play follows, divided into two halves of 15 minutes each. This extra time is always played in full. Back in 1998 and 2002, FIFA experimented with the "golden goal" rule, ending the match immediately when a goal was scored during extra time. That approach was abandoned by 2006, returning to the traditional format.

All standard rules continue during extra time. Teams get one more substitution, allowing up to six substitutions in total if the game extends beyond normal time.

Penalty Shootouts

If the score remains tied after 120 minutes, the match proceeds to a penalty shootout. Each side alternates taking five kicks from the penalty mark, aiming to outscore their opponent. The shootout ends early if one team gains an unbeatable lead within those five shots.

When scores are still tied after the initial five penalties, sudden death rounds begin. Here, pairs of kicks are taken one by one until one team scores while the other misses in the same round. This can extend beyond all 11 players taking a turn, with players repeating attempts under sudden death rules.

Only players present on the field at the end of extra time can participate in the shootout. Substituted or sent-off players cannot take penalties. If a team has fewer players due to red cards or injuries, the opposing team must reduce their number of shooters accordingly to maintain fairness.

World Cup Final History with Extra Time and Penalties

The final has gone to extra time seven times. The first was in 1966, when England defeated West Germany 4-2. Other finals that required extra time include Argentina's 3-1 victory over the Netherlands in 1978, Spain’s 1-0 win against the Netherlands in 2010, and Germany’s 1-0 triumph over Argentina in 2014.

Penalties have decided the final three times. In 1994, Brazil beat Italy following a goalless draw. Italy won on penalties against France in 2006. Most recently, Argentina claimed glory in 2022 by defeating France on penalties after a thrilling 3-3 draw.